Includes bibliographical references and index.

Framework for durability by specification -- Historical review -- Specifying durable concrete: the options -- Durability and the next generation of standards -- Probabilistic approach to durability design -- Design life -- Structural design analogy -- Approach to design for durability -- Future research needs -- Application in practice -- Permeability and transport processes -- Pore structure and the hydration process -- Transport processes and rates -- Measurement of permeation properties -- Factors influencing the permeability of site concrete -- Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete -- Nature of corrosion damage -- Electrochemical process -- Polarisation curves, the 'Evans Diagram' -- Passivity -- Corrosion mechanism in carbonated concrete -- Corrosion mechanism in chloride-rich concrete -- Influences on corrosion activity -- Influence of cracking -- Modelling the rate of corrosion -- Monitoring corrosion activity -- Carbonation -- Carbonation and corrosion -- Chemistry of carbonation -- Detection of the carbonation front -- Primary factors influencing carbonation rate -- Mathematical modelling of the rate of carbonation -- Application of models to service life prediction -- Carbonation: exposure categories in EN 206-1 -- Specification by performance -- Chloride ingress -- Chloride ingress and corrosion -- Detection and expression of chloride levels -- Critical chloride level for corrosion -- Primary factors influencing chloride ingress -- Mathematical modelling of chloride ingress -- Application of models to service life prediction -- Chlorides: limitations and exposure categories in EN 206-1 -- Specification by performance -- Alkali-silica reaction -- Manifestation of the problem -- Mechanism of expansion and reaction -- Primary factors influencing the reaction -- Other factors influencing ASR occurrence -- Modelling and service life prediction -- Specifications to minimise the risk of ASR -- Freeze/thaw effects -- Primary factors of influence -- Air entrainment -- Developments in specification and design practice -- Freezelthaw attack: exposure categories in EN 206-1 -- Developments in testing -- Specification by performance -- Chemical attack: sulfates -- Physico-chemical aspects -- Factors influencing sulfate attack -- Approaches in specification and design practice -- Sulfate attack: exposure categories in EN 206-1 -- Developments in testing and specification by performance -- Chemical attack: acid and seawater attack -- Physico-chemical aspects -- Factors influencing attack -- Mathematical modelling of acid attack -- Approaches in specification and design practice -- Acid and seawater attack: exposure categories in EN 206-1 -- Specification by performance -- Cracking in reinforced concrete structures -- Mechanism of cracking -- Chronological aspects of cracking -- Cracking and the design phase -- Cracking during the construction phase -- Cracking during the service phase -- Cracking and corrosion of reinforcement -- Abrasion, erosion and cavitation -- Surface deterioration -- Abrasion -- Erosion -- Cavitation -- Weathering and efflorescence -- Weathering -- Efflorescence.